Currently, this issue is overshadowed by the intensified US-Polish cooperation to help Ukraine and secure NATO’s eastern flank.

Paradoxically, in the context of Polish-American relations, the outbreak of the war turned out to be beneficial for Poland, as earlier it was in danger of cooling down its relations with the USA in connection with the problems with adhering to the principles of the democratic state of law. This is due to three basic premises: Poland has become the main hub for American weapons supplied to Ukraine Poland plays a key role in humanitarian support for Ukrainian refugees and the dynamic development of the Polish army increases its importance in the defense of NATO’s eastern flank. The main research problem is the question of whether Poland’s importance in the US security policy has increased in connection with the Russian aggression on Ukraine? The thesis assumes that the war in Ukraine increased the importance of Poland in American security policy. The first one covers the importance of Poland in the US security policy after the Cold War, and the second the change of this importance after the outbreak of the full-scale war in. The aim of the paper is to analyze and evaluate the changes in the importance of Poland in the security policy of the United States after the outbreak of the war in Ukraine in 2022. In doing so, Menand traces a history of ideas in the United States from immediately prior to the Civil War to the beginning of the Cold War. He then shows the philosophical, political, and cultural impact that these men went on to have. The subtitle of the book belies its true mission: ‘a story of ideas in America.’ Menand discusses the intellectual and social conditions that helped shape these men by the time they were members of the Club. Menand utilizes the Club as a jumping-off point for a sweeping analysis of the beliefs of the day. There is no record of the Club’s discussions or debates-in fact, the only direct reference to the Club is made by Peirce in a letter written thirty-five years later.

Its membership roster listed some of the greatest intellectuals of the day: Charles Peirce, William James, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Chauncey Wright, amongst others. The Metaphysical Club of the title was a conversation group that met in Cambridge for a few months in 1872. Louis Menand’s The Metaphysical Club, daunting in its choice of subject matter, closely aligns itself with the ancient sense of the word ‘history’ as a fluid, almost epic narrative.

The metaphysical club